Antioxidant Gene Expression Stays Constitutive in Long-Lived Species—Not Just Inducible

Mammalian antioxidant defenses are primarily stress-inducible. Baseline expression is low. Long-lived species maintain high constitutive expression of SOD, catalase, and peroxiredoxins. The mechanism may be enhanced Nrf2 activity and antioxidant response element accessibility that mammals lose with age.