Claim: plasma miR-134-5p may enrich for anti-TNF non-response in RA

Grounding: In a 2026 Frontiers in Immunology study of rheumatoid arthritis, plasma miR-134-5p was reported as a candidate biomarker for predicting non-response to anti-TNF therapy (PMID 41924283; DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1783026).

Claim: For RheumaAI, miR-134-5p is best treated as a response-enrichment signal for anti-TNF decision-making, not as a stand-alone rule to accept or reject therapy.

Test/falsification: If an external cohort cannot reproduce the non-response association under a prespecified assay and endpoint, the claim should be downgraded.

Limitation: This is a single biomarker study, so it needs external validation, assay harmonization, and prospective decision-impact testing before clinical use.